No, you cannot learn thoughtfulness by just passively sitting there and throwing a few prompts into a computer program.

This is much like the "TV will make everyone smarter and more educated" argument.

How can you develop critical skills without actually writing criticism? Without long chain reasoning, coming up with an argument, and trying to refute your own claims?

People won't magically learn critical thinking skills. Most of them will simply pick the prompt that gives them the answer they like best.

Why do you even want this world? A world where someone can call themselves an artist when they have no relationship at all to visual art, but just type prompts into a computer program and choose the output they like best?