There's a huge missing statistic there - what percentage of officers dehumanized Black Americans?

If it were just one officer, it wouldn't be a problem. As if!

My guess is that that percentage is missing because it's so high, not because it's so low.

More, what sort of idiot who wanted promotion would answer yes to "It is likely that blacks will bring violence to neighborhoods when they move in"?

My guess, pulled out of my ass, is that around 30% of the white officers failed that test because they don't even understand that society pretends to think that racism is bad, and about 30% more lied and misrepresented themselves.

Regarding “innocence” — about twenty years ago I was in the subway late at night in Brooklyn and there were a group of Black teenage boys kicking around a soccer ball and laughing. They were having a lot of fun, and were weirdly… relaxed and unworried? I wandered over because there was no one else around, I was bored, and they had good energy.

And then I realized they were speaking French. They were from Africa, was my guess from the accents, and they had simply never learned to be angry or afraid just because they were Black. The train came and I never found out any more.

Thanks for an excellent article; it’s a terrible shame that Black Americans have had to put up with this sort of systematic abuse over the last four hundred years.